Issues surrounding access to land, credit and extension services for women smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa are long-standing. Concerns around the rate at which young people are leaving farming as a profession are more recent but no less significant. Although companies demonstrate encouraging initiatives targeting these groups, most have a limited scope and fall short of addressing the magnitude of the challenges. Six index companies (27%) lead the way, with programs and initiatives aimed at both groups. A further six address the needs of next-generation farmers and two target women smallholder farmers specifically, making up 14 companies in total (64%). Other companies include these groups in general capacity building programs without specifically targeting them.
Top performers either have tailored programs or include a significant proportion of women and next-generation farmers in their extension activities. For example, regional companies Kenya Highland Seed, NASECO and Seed Co target both groups in their respective capacity building commitments and programs. Corteva Agriscience’s Zambia Advanced Maize Seed Adoption Program (ZAMSAP), in which 60% of the participants are resource-limited women and youth, is a leading example that involves both key target groups. The company further addresses youth engagement through the planting of 274 demonstration plots in 11 local schools. East African Seed allocates resources for nurseries and plot demonstrations at the primary school level, under the slogan ‘Quality seeds for the next generation’. The company reports that 60% of the 1 million smallholders it had trained by 2017 were women, again promoting inclusivity of both groups.
Somalian Darusalam Seed Company has established a vocational agricultural high school in Somalia, which has thus far produced nearly 100 graduates who have gone on to become university lecturers or work with (inter)national aid organizations. While the initiative does not directly influence the trend of youth departure from agriculture at the farm level, it does help to strengthen the level of professionalism and leadership within the agricultural sector in the country. As was the case in the 2016 Index, Victoria Seeds has a leading focus on the development and empowerment of women smallholder farmers, lobbying and working through partnerships to address women’s limited control of productive household resources and stating that women smallholders make up 70% of the participants in its extension programs.
In some cases, companies funnel capacity building resources for next-generation or women farmers to seed producers in their own supply chains, rather than providing extension to these groups as a customer service. Equator Seeds describes itself as a youth-driven company and, in collaboration with USAID’s Feed the Future initiative, hired six university graduates as agronomists to train 65 community-based facilitators. These facilitators in turn trained 6,500 young seed producers on land preparation, crop management and harvesting, with a goal of reaching a further 8,500 producers in the project’s second phase. Ethiopian Agricultural Business Corporation states that it involves women in seed production but did not provide evidence of training its women smallholder customers.
Overall, few of the initiatives reported are more than projects, and more companies report initiatives for youth than for women farmers. The private sector, including leading seed companies, has a crucial role to play in tackling issues facing these groups, if food insecurity is to be alleviated. Given the importance of women and next-generation farmers, all companies should develop strategies to target them, making these groups a key part of capacity building commitments and activities in the coming years.